Artisans and ToolsAbout "Hanok"
Artisans and Tools
Since hanok is elaborately trimmed out of wood, soil, and stone, the construction of hanok requires a number of craftsmen with excellent skills and elaborate tools. The most important craftsmen in hanok are carpenters, and carpenters are divided into large carpenters and small carpenters. In addition to carpenters, a variety of craftsmen are needed, such as a roof tiler, a clay wall worker, a paint worker, and a stonemason.
Large carpenter
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They are also called Daemokjang or Dopyeonsu. After trimming the timber, they make pillars, beams, purlins, and bracket sets that correspond to the structure of the hanok, and determine the shape of the roof through applying angle rafters and hanging rafters. The role is similar to that of today's architects because they are responsible for everything from building design to construction supervision.
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Small carpenter
They decorate frame structures and constructs windows, spears, ceilings, Maru and railing.
Clay wall worker
The clay wall worker is responsible for filling the walls and other soil filling.
Roof tiler
The roof tiler performs roof tile joining work in the roof making phase.
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Paint worker
The paint worker is in charge of painting, an important decorative element in hanok.
Stonemason
The stonemason is in charge of dealing with stone materials including the cornerstone. In Korea, there were many constructions using stone, so the technique of masonry was very advanced.
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In the Joseon Dynasty, construction craftsmen made and used the tools necessary for hanok construction, except for special tools. Tools are subdivided by function, and there are many types, but depending on the application, they can be classified into choosing site and drawing tool, cutting tool, cut-out tool, digging and pecking tool, hitting and chopping tool, grinding tool, transportation tool and other tools. Artisans used various techniques when constructing hanok. Representative woodworking techniques include a longitudinal joint that connects two materials in the longitudinal direction, and a cross joint that connects two materials orthogonally to connect with each other. It is also worth noting the technique of cutting the base of a column so that it perfectly fits the column base stone.