Regional and Plane TypesAbout "Hanok"
Types of Hanok
Depending on the region, hanok was designed in different plane types to adapt to the climate and environment of the region. Hanok is classified according to body shape and plane type as follows.
Classification by Body Shape
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'ㅡ'-shaped house
- Each room, such as the kitchen, Maru, and room, is arranged long in the left and right directions. Because of its simple and plain structure, it is considered the most basic and universal form of house, and can be found mainly in southern regions such as Jeonnam and Gyeongnam, where the climate is warm.
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'ㄷ'-shaped house
- With ‘ㅡ’-shaped house as the basis, it refers to the form in which protrusions of similar lengths on both sides are arranged at right angles. It can be seen in the noble houses in the northern part of Yeongnam.
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'ㄱ'-shaped house
- It is a variation of the 'ㅡ'-shaped house. The rooms arranged side by side are bent at right angles. It is mainly found in the central region, and can be built in a smaller yard compared to the 'ㅡ' shaped houses.
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'ㅁ'-shaped house
- The 'ㅁ' shape is a form in which rooms are placed in all directions around a small courtyard located in the center. It is closed off so that the wind does not pass well, in order to live through the cold winter. It can be seen a lot in Andong area.
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Classification by Plane Types
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Single-wing house
It is a house in which rooms are arranged in a row. It is distributed throughout Korea and is a representative form of a private house. In particular, in private houses located in the warm southern regions, the Maru is commonly placed in the middle. It is easy to ventilate and is an open-type.
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House with several wings
It is a house with two upper and lower rows of rooms. Due to its closed shape, it is excellent in terms of thermal insulation, and can be found in cold northern and mountainous regions. As residential spaces became more complex in the late Joseon Dynasty, they were widely built on flat lands, and this made the plan of hanok more diverse and free.
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