HistoryAbout "Hanok"
The Value of Hanok
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Prehistoric times
People began to live on the Korean Peninsula from 700,000 BC in the Paleolithic period. Later, from about 6,000 BC, in the early Neolithic period, they began to build dugout huts while living in settlement and group life. A dugout hut is a primitive type of house in which the ground is dug to create a space for people to stay, and the top of it is covered with trees and grass. In the Bronze Age, rice farming began and the inner space of the hut began to differentiate. In the early Iron Age, dugout huts gradually decreased as the technology of constructing walls with columns and placing roofs developed, and upper risen buildings with Maru floors above ground were built.
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The Age of Three Kingdoms and the Age of North and South Korea
With the emergence of ancient countries such as Goguryeo, Baekje, and Silla, various types of buildings such as palaces and temples began to be built. Roof tiles were used for the buildings in these countries, and hipped roofs, gabled roofs, and hipped-and-gabled roofs were raised. Also, traces of the use of Ondol are seen. In the Unified Silla Era, with the prosperity of Buddhism, the technology of wooden construction developed greatly and many temples were built, and the houses of the common people began to be upgraded.
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Goryeo Dynasty
During the Goryeo Dynasty, there were many temples due to the prosperity of Buddhism, and buildings with high artistic quality were built, such as the Geungnakjeon of Bongjeongsa Temple, the Muryangsujeon of Buseoksa Temple, and the Daeungjeon Hall of Sudeoksa Temple. On the other hand, as the center of culture moved from Gyeongju to Gaesong, contact with foreign countries became frequent, which became an opportunity for the architectural cultures to integrate with each other and spread to wider areas. After the 14th century, the Ondol structure began to spread widely, the concept of counting the size of a building in columns became common, and a method of dividing the interior of a building by various functions developed.
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Joseon Dynasty
During the Joseon Dynasty, Hyanggyo and Seowon, which are related to Confucianism, were built nationwide, and in each house, a shrine was built to enshrine the gods of the ancestors. Confucianism also had a great effect on the type of residence. Depending on one’s social status, the size of the house, the number of compartments, and the size of the wood were limited. The notion of gender distinction and precedence to the elders continued in the residential space division. In addition, Ondol, which was only in the north, spread to the central region, and Maru in the south spread to the north. In the Joseon Dynasty, Ondol, Maru, and the kitchen were completely integrated in one building, and various plan types were developed to suit the climate and conditions of each region.
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After the Era of Modernization
During the Joseon Dynasty, Hyanggyo and Seowon, which are related to Confucianism, were built nationwide, and in each house, a shrine was built to enshrine the gods of the ancestors. Confucianism also had a great effect on the type of residence. Depending on one’s social status, the size of the house, the number of compartments, and the size of the wood were limited. The notion of gender distinction and precedence to the elders continued in the residential space division. In addition, Ondol, which was only in the north, spread to the central region, and Maru in the south spread to the north. In the Joseon Dynasty, Ondol, Maru, and the kitchen were completely integrated in one building, and various plan types were developed to suit the climate and conditions of each region.
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